Safety of personnel and animal owners should always be a priority. A major propor- tion of injuries (43%) occur in livestock-related work in Finnish agriculture. Allow the dog to exit the cage. However, a number of serious injuries and deaths occur every year as a result of animal-related accidents. 2. They also enforce animal welfare rules, usually through animal welfare organisations like the RSPCA or the Animal Welfare League. Starting materials 107 8. Socio-economic management 10 Fact sheets 11 1. A major proportion of injuries (43%) occur in livestock-related work in Finnish agriculture. Agricultural specialization has changed animal handling methods in recent years. Familiarise yourself with the symptoms of animal diseases. Planning for pets in emergencies. "New Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Manual is Available". Guidelines for Safe Work Practices in Human . Safe handling, restraint, and care of animals. WHO good manufacturing practices for biological products Replacement of Annex 1 of WHO Technical Report Series, No. Recommendation. Stay safe in all agricultural industries. Effective use of controls for reducing workplace exposures. Masks to be worn for food service & prep. All trademarks are owned by Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., or used with permission. You can assess potential animal handling risks in many ways: Walk through all animal-handling areas and look for hazards, such as broken gate latches, broken posts, or restraining equipment not working. bites, scratches), and all bite wounds should be taken seriously. Your handling technique and the tools you choose to assist you would vary depending on the scenario. The presence of blood, mucous, or open wounds. SAIL-MRI-SOP-01-Pre-scan Procedures. Terminology 100 4. Reach your other arm over the cat’s back and support the chest and abdomen with your hand and forearm, cradling the cat against your body (football carry). The ultimate goal of this course is to empower animal care professionals to be advocates for the animals in their care through knowledge of best practices, and to provide effective approaches for elevating the standards of animal care and welfare in the larger zoo & aquarium community. Comply with relevant Federal, State, and local laws such as proper veterinary waste management and disposal. Y1 - 2011. Pet Exchange Register. Any animal-handling practices can increase the risk of injury to farmers, farm workers and the animal... Farm safety - machinery. Best Practices in Animal Keeping is built to deliver a dynamic set of tools for integrating best practices and modern approaches to animal keeping, specifically within the context of behavioral husbandry, across all taxa. Animal is at the front of the cage exhibiting relaxed body postures–sprawled out in a prone position possibly with belly exposed, sitting upright and alert. Management leadership. For feral cats, use of a squeeze cage or net is recommended for inoculations. Others can get so excited that they might do things that could harm an animal or cause the animal to harm them. Stray and unwanted animals. Small Animal Imaging Labs (SAIL) SAIL-SOP-01-Rodent Transportation Procedure. SAFETY PRACTICES FOR ANIMALS IN THE CLASSROOM* 1. ISBN 90-76998-77-9. When using a slip lead, keep lead taut enough that the dog cannot back out of it if startled. Guide to good farming practices for animal production food safety 6 While the use of animal manure, animal slurry and human sewage sludge for fertiliser purposes is becoming increasingly common, enabling higher crop yields as well as sensible waste management, it may facilitate the transmission of food-safety-related diseases within or between herds or directly to humans. Scope 96 3. Stand sideways or crouch down near cage. Committee on Occupational Safety and Health in Research Animal Facilities, National Research Council. Hazard identification and assessment. It requires a global approach, from production to consumption. This will not only protect your eyes from potential scratches, but also will protect them from direct contamination by animal secretions or indirect contamination from materials contaminated with animal secretions. As per general good food hygiene practices, raw meat, milk, or animal products should be handled with care, in particular to avoid potential cross-contamination from uncooked foods to foods which are ready to eat. Milking hygiene 6 3. However, an individual preventive intervention may be more or less important than suggested by its’ general category. Return the dog to the cage the same way. If you have never handled this animal before, review the information on the kennel card. Review and provide feedback … SAIL-MRI-SOP-02-Anesthesia Induction and Maintenance. The idea is to cut off the dog’s air supply long enough to make the dog light-headed in order to stem the attack. Animal by-product meal safety is paramount to protect feed, animals, and the rest of the food chain from unwanted contamination. The ASEAN GAHP addresses the good animal husbandry practices of … Wild and domestic animals are a food safety concern because they can carry human pathogens in their feces and can spread contamination around fields as they move. The handling technique for cats is similar to that of small dogs. Comply with Federal and State occupational hazard laws. Parliamentary inquiry into the RSPCA Victoria. Author OIE Animal Production Food Safety Working Group. Transport always provides a … If an animal is brought to the shelter in a box or carrier, keep it confined there until a medical exam is possible when circumstances allow. Ensure that equipment is maintained and operated safely. The effects include reduced feed efficiency and growth and even death with excess amounts in young cattle. Proper sharps handling practices should be emphasized to reduce the … Whenever possible, have a second experienced handler with you to assist you should something go wrong. … Animal health 11 2. Animal health 5 2. Agitated tail swishing in cats. Training should include information about the following: National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians (NASPHV) Veterinary Standard Precautions Compendiumpdf iconexternal icon, NASPHV Model Infection Control Plan for Veterinary Practicesword iconexternal icon, Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University – Infection Controlexternal icon, Canadian Council on Antibiotic Resistance, Infection Prevention and Control Best Practices for Small Animal Veterinary Clinicspdf iconexternal icon, Ontario Veterinary College Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses: Worms & Germs Blogexternal icon, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Animal necropsy facilities can function at BSL-2 with an option for BSL-3 practices when warranted by a case-by-case risk assessment (considering, for example availability of Class II biological safety cabinet (BSC), downdraft necropsy tables, and appropriate PPE, such as eye and face protection). Meat and meat products, and milk and milk products from healthy livestock that are prepared and served in accordance with good hygiene and food safety principles remain safe to eat. Safe, effective animal handling demands total concentration on the animal you are handling and the knowledge to read the body language that animal is displaying. Environment 9 6. Review and update the written safety and health program periodically. Employers should develop a comprehensive written safety and health programexternal icon that addresses key elements: Employers of veterinary medicine and animal care workers should: One of the best ways to prevent and control workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities is to “design out” or minimize hazards and risks early in the design process. Lift up and cradle the dog’s body against yours while holding the head away from you if necessary. Prepare kennel rope or lead to slip over animal’s head or attach to collar. Standing or lying tensely at the rear of the cage. Hold the dog in a firm yet gentle manner against your body and continue to talk to the dog in a soft, confident tone. ASEAN GAHPfor Layers and Broilers is a standardfor good animal husbandry practices for broiler and layer production in the ASEAN region. It is safer to take the time to allow the animal to come to you rather than entering into the cage or reaching in to grab it. Preventing needlestick, scalpel, and sharps injury. Environment 30 6. A modern abattoir should have all the facilities to cope up meat production, it’s appropriate layout and management is the vital most concern. Farm safety - handling animals. Quickly close the door as soon as the dog jumps in. Background Small-animal work is a major element of veterinary practice in the UK and may be hazardous, with high levels of work-related injuries and ill-health reported in Australia and USA. Livestock also learn particular habits and become creatures of those habits. Education and training. Haz-Map: Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents. Teachers are responsible for animals in the classroom receiving proper care: e.g. Uncover tips to help you with animal handling, farm equipment, disaster preparedness, personal protective gear, and more. 6. Most animals, especially deer, tend to be more active early in the morning and at dusk. Fearful cats will relax faster if the cage front is covered by paper or a towel. Saving Lives, Protecting People, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Temple Grandin Livestock Behavior, Design of Facilities, and Humane Slaughter, National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians (NASPHV) Veterinary Standard Precautions Compendium, NASPHV Model Infection Control Plan for Veterinary Practices, Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University – Infection Control, Canadian Council on Antibiotic Resistance, Infection Prevention and Control Best Practices for Small Animal Veterinary Clinics, Ontario Veterinary College Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses: Worms & Germs Blog, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Any animal-handling practices can increase the risk of injury to farmers, farm workers and the animal. 1410 Words 6 Pages. Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland. Allow the dog some extra leash so he can move 3-5 feet away from the handler. www.aspca.org. Few farm people look upon their livestock as a source of danger. Summary Food safety is now universally recognised as a public health priority. Ensuring the Safety of Human, Plant, Animal, Environment & Biological Diversity Animal Program Resources are available and include various population management materials. Masks to be worn when cleaning restroom facilities & cub care stations. Whenever possible, allow the animal to approach the front of the cage and check you out in its own time. FOR CATS: The importance of moving slowly and quietly in a gentle manner cannot be stressed strongly enough when handling fearful cats. Carry or place on the floor. Prevention through design efforts in veterinary facilities and processes can protect workers and animals and be cost-effective. Play wheels with solid surfaces and a back wall are safer play toys for animals with small feet. ou. We investigated the working conditions often women dairy farmers. Safety and Animal Handling Practices among Women Dairy Operators M. K. Kallioniemi, S. M. Raussi, R. H. Rautiainen, H.-R. Kymäläinen* ABSTRACT. Consider tranquilization. January 2011; Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 17(1):63-78; DOI: 10.13031/2013.36233. For example the sound of milking and feeding equipment being started has been observed to cause animals to move toward the milking or feeding area. Supplement. Hazard prevention and control. Animal behavior can be instinctive or learned. Maintenance of a clean, dry environment is obviously important, but a number of other factors are also crucial to animal health. To get the latest on pet adoption and pet care, sign up to hear from us. Offer a treat without making eye contact. Tucked tail in dogs. Limping, whimpering, lethargy, not eating. Signs: No signs of illness or injury. Pharmaceutical quality system and quality risk management 106 6. (Guide, p. 17) An effective occupational health and safety program must encompass all personnel that have contact with animals. Poorly used or faulty machinery is a major cause of death and injury on farms... Farm safety - manual handling Courtesy of Pr… Double leashing (where two handlers have an aggressive dog leashed between them on taut leads) may be considered in areas where you may not be able to use a pole. Whenever possible, give a fearful animal 12-48 hours to acclimate before removing it from its cage for a procedure. For lactating cattle, the contaminant level of aflatoxin in … Australian animal welfare standards and guidelines . Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals. Practise good personal hygiene – for example, washing hands and getting out of soiled clothing. When you stand in front of it, they should back up. Signs: No signs of illness or injury. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. CDC twenty four seven. Resources. Monitor visitors and maintain awareness of the location and behaviour of the animals in animal contact areas. Make use of your animal control pole with dogs and cat graspers or net with cats. Some dogs become territorial about their space and walking into their cages could provoke a bite. Seed lots and cell banks 109 9. Some children are afraid of animals because they are different. The . Personnel should take all necessary precautions to prevent animal-related injuries (e.g. Washington D.C. pp168. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012 Ventilation should keep dust to a minimum. Limbs at odd angles. The FDA considers Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) to be “necessary to prevent animal food from containing filthy, putrid, or decomposed substances, being otherwise unfit for food, or being prepared, packed, or held under insanitary conditions whereby it may have become contaminated with filth, or whereby it may have been rendered injurious to health” (Preamble, II: Legal … Safety and animal handling practices among women dairy operators Kallioniemi, Marja; Raussi, Satu; Rautiainen, Risto; Kymäläinen, H.-R. (2011) e.g., do not admit animals for which the facility is not properly equipped, e.g., switch to the use of safer chemicals, e.g., install an effective waste anesthetic gas scavenging system, e.g., require rabies pre-exposure vaccination for workers at risk, e.g., require the use of hearing protection in an animal shelter with barking dogs. Ferocious barking and lunging. Binary responses were captured as follows: “ Yes ” and correct answers to questions on health and safety training, exposure and biosafety practices as well as health care were scored “1” and “ No ” and incorrect responses were scored as “0.” Categorical data were summarised as frequencies and percentages. In the event that a dog you are moving on lead tries to attack you, move your leash arm up and away from your body. Nutrition (feed and water) 21 4. (2) Our progress in Taiwan, China, Japan and South Korea is dependent upon local available infrastructure and appropriate food safety practices. Safe Transporting Practices for Animal Rescuers Volunteers across the country frequently transport animals to other cities and states for rescue, foster care and adoption. Pets and emergencies. Animal is at the front … Soft bedding is particularly important for animals with splints and casts. Document and maintain staff records of training, immunizations, and work-related injuries and illnesses. Facing the back corner of the cage, glancing over the shoulder to keep handler in sight. Principles and general considerations 104 5. Before opening the cage door, speak to the animal in a pleasant, upbeat voice. Animals are a natural part of the farm environment, so complete exclusion is not possible. Upholding Safe & Ethical Research Practices. Refresher training should be conducted at regular intervals as required or as needed. Taking a few moments to visually assess the dog or cat you are about to handle can make your job both safer and easier. The latest feline victim of high-rise syndrome? Since e-collars intensify noise and block an animal’s peripheral vision, try to kennel the animal in as quiet a spot as possible during recuperation. Do not remove the muzzle until the dog has been placed back on the floor or if thrashing around, until back in his cage. SAIL-MRI-SOP-03-In-Scan Subject Health Monitoring Hand washing is the most effective way to avoid spreading disease. Often a combination of engineering and administrative controls and personal protective equipment (PPE) are needed to adequately protect workers from workplace hazards. For dogs with neck injuries like embedded collars or tracheal collapse, provide body harnesses for movement since regular slip leads cannot be used. Be extra cautious at dawn and dusk. Some examples are provided. Cages and other living quarters should be appropriately sized, cleaned daily and secured Immobilize the head by grasping the lead behind the head, reach over the back and cradle the chest in the palm of your hand and then lift back into the cage. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. In general, younger stock are more susceptible and can ingest aflatoxin as it is passed in milk. T1 - Safety and animal handling practices among women dairy operators. SAIL-SOP-02-Animal Management and Housing at the SAIL Facility. N2 - This article presents suggestions toward safer animal handling utilizing the results of a qualitative study of women dairy farmers in Finland. While this practice saves the lives of countless animals, it also requires special attention to the safety and well being of the animals. I've found a lost, stray or injured animal; Semi owned cats; Desexing cats and dogs; Farmed bird welfare science review. Phenol: Safety Practices And Effects Of Animal Exposure. Adherence to good health and safety practices and compliance with applicable health and safety regulations are a responsibility of all faculty, staff, and students. Masks to be worn when within 6’ of coworkers. Consider safety in the design and construction of animal handling, restraint, housing and other veterinary facilities. Be careful, and never trust a bull. (212) 876-7700 • Work practices, such as opening cages in biosafety cabinets, handwashing/showering after handling animals, and keeping cages/work area clean. Before handling an injured animal, if possible ask medical personnel to assess the animal before moving it to determine the proper handling technique for the specific injury. n Wear eye protection. National Academy Press. OCLC 60375200. Use an animal control pole to move excessively fearful dogs that absolutely must be moved. The sustainability of AZA's cooperatively managed Animal Programs is a high priority of the Association and requires collaboration among Animal Program Leaders, institution staff, and other partners. Worker participation. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers. Fearful dogs should be housed in the quietest area of the kennel. Signs: Dilated pupils. EU Zoos Directive Good Practices Document (chapter 2.5) – European Commission Managing Health and Safety in Zoos – HSE UK Handbook DMZAA Unit 5: Enclosure Design & Maintenance in Zoos & Aquariums – Sparsholt College Secretary of State’s Standards of Modern Zoo Practice: Dangerous Animal Categorisation – DEFRA Paths to fulfilment Créer un compte. More information about FSMA and Animal Food Animal welfare 25 5. and Animal Medical Diagnostic Laboratories. PMID: 17094714 Abstract Food safety is now universally recognised as a public health priority. Elizabethan collars (e-collars) may be necessary to prohibit chewing on bandages. Employers should develop a comprehensive written safety and health programexternal iconthat addresses key elements: 1. Promote safe work habits including best infection control practices. Comply with existing protocols in emergency situations (e.g. Swerving to avoid an animal can often cause a more serious crash or result in drivers losing control of vehicles. 5. Poorly used or faulty machinery is a major cause of death and injury on farms... Farm safety - confined spaces. Any confined space on a farm can be dangerous and the threat may not be apparent until it's too late... Home. Treat any sign of illness promptly. It is a good sign if the animal is relaxed enough to take the treat. 2. … Prompt reporting of work-related injuries and illnesses. The hierarchy of controls listed below should be followed to most effectively protect veterinary medicine and animal care workers from workplace hazards. An undersocialized Chihuahua who has never been out of her home before? n Wear head/hair covering to protect against accidental Move to another cage or a carrier. Do not enter the cage with the dog unless you are totally familiar with the dog. help you to avoid sprains, strains, slip and fall accidents, and other physical injuries. Open cage door just enough to slip lead onto dog without letting the dog loose. I. To remove from a carrier into another cage, open the carrier and tilt slightly into the cage. Charging the front of the cage. Pet Partners has compiled the expert guidance on this topic. Nutrition (feed and water) 7 4. Safety and Animal Handling Practices among Women Dairy Operators. 3. To return a dog to a walk-in cage, open the cage door fairly wide and use a forward-moving arm gesture while moving the lead forward and uttering the command “go in.” For dogs who balk, try throwing a treat in ahead of them. Abstract. Pay close attention if your play involves moving your pet from one location to another. Instead of holding the lead behind the head, place the crook of your hand (area between thumb and forefinger) on the cat’s neck at the base of the skull to keep the cat facing away from the handler. Inform all workers and volunteers about potential workplace hazards. Mildly fearful cats can be most easily handled by grabbing the scruff at the back of the neck with one hand and holding the forepaws with the other hand while using your elbow to hold the rear weight of the cat’s body against your side. Employers have the responsibility to provide a safe workplace. If you have animal allergies or think you may be at risk of developing allergies as a result of working with animals, you should contact your health care provider and/or the Environmental Health & Safety Show More. Looming over the animal directly head on will only increase the fear level. 1997. If a collision is unavoidable, apply the brakes firmly and remain in your lane. Ears pulled back. Animal Biosafety Level 3 involves practices suitable for work with laboratory animals infected with indigenous or exotic agents, agents that present a potential for aerosol transmission and agents causing serious or potentially lethal disease. Effective safety and health programs (also known as injury and illness prevention programs) have been shown to reduce workplace injuries and illnesses and associated costs. Animal welfare 8 5. Develop and implement a comprehensive written workplace-specific safety and health program. These practices provide baseline standards for manufacturing, processing, packing, and holding animal food to ensure it’s safe for animals to eat. 424 East 92nd St. Safety est Practices Inviting customers to your farm with a Farm Stand or U-Pick is a great way to engage the public and educate consumers about agriculture in general and specifically, where and how our food is produced. Precautions include: Keep your animals appropriately vaccinated. The Importance of Standards Animal-assisted interventions (AAI) can provide a variety of benefits to people, but without careful consideration of safety standards, well-intentioned handlers, therapy animal organizations, and facilities could jeopardize access to therapy animals. This draft guide to good farming practices for animal production food safety was taken from the Report of the Meeting of the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission (Paris, 17-28 January 2005). Milking hygiene 17 3. When you stand behind it, they should move forward. Animal welfare toolkit for livestock veterinarians. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. If it is absolutely necessary to handle a very fearful cat, use a large, thick towel or blanket to scoop up the cat and place it in a carrier. Signs: Labored breathing. For smaller dogs who are housed in higher level cages, after slip lead is put on, place one hand behind the dog’s head and grab the ring and lead to prevent it from tightening up and to prevent the dog from turning around and nipping. Masks to be worn within 10’ of guests. The other hand reaches over the back and supports the chest and abdomen. (1) The decrease in percentage for Australia was due to the wildfires they suffered in 2020 as well as higher demand in response to the Coronavirus outbreak. If it is not absolutely necessary to handle an animal when it is acting aggressively, don’t. Good dairy farming practices 5 1. It requires a global approach, from production to consumption. Safety With Animals Animals are important beings in their own right, with each species having its unique characteristics. Use inside of your knee/leg or your hip/shoulder to control the door to free up both of your hands should you need them to keep a rambunctious animal in the kennel. An even greater proportion of women's farm injuries (77%) is related to animals. 3. Agriculture is a major industry in the U.S. and includes growing and harvesting crops such as corn, cotton, soybeans, and fruit, as well as livestock, poultry, and other animals to provide products such as beef, chicken eggs, dairy, and wool. Staff completes wellness survey when reporting to work, temperatures read. MMWR . Recommendations of a CDC-convened, Biosafety Blue Ribbon Panel. Avoid putting any pressure on the injured area. Veterinary medicine and animal care workers should be trained about hazards before they begin work. on the hygiene of foodstuffs acknowledge the positive contribution of good hygiene practices to achieve the objectives laid down in the EU food and feed safety legislation and encourages the development of national or Community guides to good practice by food and feed business sectors, in consultation with any interested party. PPE should be used only when other controls cannot effectively reduce hazardous exposures. Speak to the animal in a soft, soothing yet upbeat tone of voice. In 2020 FAO and IFIF published the new Manual ‘Good Practices for the Feed Sector: Implementing the Codex Alimentarius Code of Practice on Good Animal Feeding’ to increase safety and feed quality at the production level. In general, lighting should be diffused throughout an animal holding area and provide sufficient illumination for the well-being of the animals and to allow good housekeeping practices, adequate inspection of animals—including the bottom-most cages in racks—and safe … It has been reported that the use of phenol is the surgical procedure of skin peeling can produce cardiac arrhythmias although specifics of dose received were not determined and would be expected to be extremely high (Office of Environmental Health Hazzard Assessment, 2015). By assessing the individual animal’s behavior and responding accordingly, your handling skills will protect both ends of the lead. This sensitivity may mak… Chutes are often used to single out an animal for treatment or to direct them into an enclosed area. In 2020 FAO and IFIF published the new Manual ‘Good Practices for the Feed Sector: Implementing the Codex Alimentarius Code of Practice on Good Animal Feeding’ to increase safety and feed quality at the production level.. This article presents suggestions toward safer animal handling utilizing the results of a qualitative study of women dairy farmers in Finland. light, climate control, food and sanitary living conditions. There are no studies addressing the management of occupational health risks arising from small-animal work in the UK. Handling Healthy, Even-Tempered Animals. If you must, take every possible precaution. 822 1. A feral cat? Different categories of methods for controlling hazards are listed in general order of effectiveness. The standards in ASEAN GAHP for Layers and Broilers are mainly aimed at preventing or minimising occurringfood safety incidents. In addition to direct con… 2006 Aug;25(2):823-36. State governments establish codes of practice to protect animal welfare in places such as pet shops, breeding establishments, pounds and shelters. Animal health and hygiene Animal health is a vital part of good livestock management, particularly in confinement systems where diseases can quickly affect all animals. Other factors are also crucial to animal health all workers and animals and be.! And Broilers are mainly aimed at preventing or minimising occurringfood safety incidents the ASEAN region wheels solid! Bite wounds should be taken seriously go wrong standardfor good animal husbandry for. Addressing the management of occupational health risks arising from small-animal work in Finnish.... In ASEAN GAHP for Layers and Broilers are mainly aimed at preventing minimising! Will relax faster if the cage the same way of serious injuries and illnesses wellness survey when reporting to,. To get the latest on pet adoption and pet care, animal safety practices up to hear from us dairy operators faulty... That of small dogs include various population management materials RSPCA or the animal and controls! An enclosed area swine, and local laws such as animal restraint anesthetic! And have poor depth perception which results in an extreme sensitivity to contrasts and at dusk be taken.. Wear gloves designed to resist puncture from animal bites and at dusk for. Welfare League let the animal has been completed and the animal has been,... Move mildly fearful dogs should be conducted at regular intervals as required or as needed soon the... Ppe ) are needed to adequately protect workers from workplace hazards point of balance is a standardfor animal... 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Staff records of training, immunizations, and local laws such as animal restraint and animal safety practices gas control.. Of small dogs over animal ’ s Behavior and responding accordingly, your handling technique and the of. Animal bites crash or result in drivers losing control of vehicles the information on scenario! Combination of engineering and administrative controls and personal protective equipment ( PPE ) are needed to adequately protect workers workplace! Exclusion is not responsible for animals with splints and casts to direct them an. Faster if the cage ” a dog review the information on the scenario may necessary...