who is the prime minister of germany

Excerpts of this speech and another before the House of Commons are included here. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister". Few decrees are taken after advice from the Council of State (French: Conseil d'État). The prime minister and government can be dismissed by the National Assembly. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings. This page was last edited on 10 December 2020, at 00:28. The following table groups the list of past and present prime ministers and details information available in those lists. PM interacts with Chancellor of Federal Republic of Germany through video-teleconference. Taiwan's constitution (1946) lists the powers, functions and duties of the President of the Executive Yuan. As well as being head of government, being prime minister may require holding other roles or posts—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet. In Australia, the Prime Minister is expected to step down if they loses the majority support of their party under a spill motion as have many such as Tony Abbott, Julia Gillard, Kevin Rudd and Malcolm Turnbull. This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. The current officeholder is Jean Castex, who was appointed on 3 July 2020. In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office, either First Lord of the Treasury (office in commission) or more rarely Chancellor of the Exchequer (the last of whom was Balfour in 1905). Australia's constitution makes no mention of a Prime Minister of Australia and the office only exists by convention, based on the British model. Under those systems, a prime minister is not the head of state of their respective state nor a monarch; rather the prime minister is the head of government, serving typically under a monarch in a hybrid of aristocratic and democratic government forms or a president in a republican form of government. See also "First Minister", "Premier", "Chief Minister", "Chancellor", "Taoiseach", "Minister of State (Statsminister)", "President of the Government", "President of the Council of Minister" and "Secretary of State": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister". Conversely, some Prime Minister's Offices incorporate the role of Cabinet, while Australia’s Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet joins them at par. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state. Additionally, Article 20[2] stipulates that the Government "shall determine and conduct the policy of the Nation", and it includes domestic issues, while the president concentrates on formulating directions on national defense and foreign policy while arbitrating the efficient service of all governmental authorities in France. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.[12]. Click Here for Donation Details About PM CARES Fund. Some officials regarded a powerful Germany as a bulwark against the Soviet Union. 2. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. After several unsuccessful attempts to strengthen the role in the first half of the twentieth century, a semi-presidential system was introduced under the Fifth Republic. Instead, her or his powers, duties, appointment and termination follow uncodified conventions. PM’s inaugural address at the National Metrology Conclave in New Delhi. The title was however informal and used alongside the equally informal principal ministre d'État ("chief minister of the state") more as a job description. Wilfried Martens, who served as Prime Minister of Belgium, described his role as follows: In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah, meaning "head of the government". No parliamentary vote takes place on who forms a government. During the Third and Fourth Republics, the head of government was formally called president of the Council of Ministers (French: Président du Conseil des Ministres), generally shortened to president of the Council (French: Président du Conseil). The president of France appoints but cannot dismiss the prime minister. The Prime Minister's executive office is usually called the Office of the Prime Minister or Cabinet Office. An example or this situation was in 2016 in the United Kingdom when Theresa May was elected leader of the Conservative Party while David Cameron was still prime minister. The prime minister is the holder of the second highest office of France. In practice, because the National Assembly does have the power to force the resignation of the cabinet by adopting a motion of censure, the choice of prime minister must reflect the will of the majority in the Assembly. Which Members, though, are left to uncodified convention. Ukraine's constitution (1996) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Ukraine. [2] In addition to ensuring that the Government still has support in the House, some bills that might prove too controversial to pass through the normal Assembly rules are able to be passed this way. Itineraries Ottawa, Ontario - January 17, 2021. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and Viscount Bolingbroke shared power. Canada has a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution, partly formally codified and partly uncodified. Hungary's constitution (2012) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Hungary. After 1661, Louis XIV and his descendants refused to allow one of their ministers to be more important than the others, so the term was not in use. Not recognised by any United Nations members. In a situation in which a ruling party elects or appoints a new leader, the incoming leader will usually be referred as "prime minister-in-waiting". In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. France's constitution (1958) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of France. Bangladesh's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal. By the late 20th century,[10][11] the majority of the world's countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. According to article 21 of the Constitution,[2] the prime minister "shall direct the actions of the Government". When it arises, such a state of affairs is usually referred to as (political) cohabitation. In India, the Prime Minister is called Pradhān Mantrī, literally meaning the Head of ministers or Prime Minister. During the Third and Fourth Republics, the head of government was formally called president of the Council of Ministers (French: Président du Conseil des Ministres), generally shortened to president of the Council (French: … Contrary to popular perception, the two posts are separate and need not be held by the one person. India's constitution (1950) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of India. Prime Minister’s itinerary for Monday, January 18, 2021. Recognised by at least one United Nations member. Malaysia's constitution (1957) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Malaysia. In practice the prime minister acts on the impulse of the president to whom he is a subordinate, except when there is a cohabitation in which case his responsibilities are akin to those of a prime minister in a parliamentary system. Ireland's constitution (1937), provides for the office of Taoiseach in detail, listing powers, functions and duties. when its portfolio is critical to that government's mandate at the time): during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence at the time). However, the post was usually called "prime minister" or "premier" in non-French sources. Pakistan's constitution (1973) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Pakistan. The term prime minister in its French form, premier ministre, is attested in 17th Century sources referring to Cardinal Richelieu[1] after he was named to head the royal council in 1624. To any Prime Minister, let alone Eden with his vast experience as Foreign Secretary, this was a highly contentious plan, and one that was bound to be fraught with political dangers at home and abroad. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the Executive Council (the then name for the Irish cabinet). During the whole of the 18th Century, Britain was involved in a prolonged conflict with France, periodically bursting into all-out war, and Britons took outspoken pride in their "Liberty" as contrasted to the "Tyranny" of French Absolute Monarchy; therefore, being implicitly compared with Richelieu was no compliment to Walpole. The U.K.’s Cabinet Office includes the Prime Minister’s Office. In the Nordic countries the prime minister is called Statsminister, meaning "Minister of State". Neither term is strictly correct from a constitutional point of view, but they have wide acceptance. He is referred to as "president" in both the Persian and English languages. Most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system, Constitutional basis for the position in different countries. Under the circumstances, the president of the council was usually a fairly weak figure whose strength more dependent on charisma than formal powers. Norway's constitution (1814) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Norway. The prime minister may also submit a bill that has not been yet signed into law to the Constitutional Council (article 61). Germany's Basic Law (1949) lists the powers, functions and duties of the federal chancellor. The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes the equivalent term "premier") except in the cases where the head of state and head of government are fused into one position, usually a presidency, regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. It was at this point that the post was formally named "Prime Minister" and took its present form. From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. The prime minister can "engage the responsibility" of his or her Government before the National Assembly. In some presidential and all semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. [4] The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. Estonian Prime Minister Juri Ratas said he would resign on Wednesday amid corruption allegations against his political party. * * * * * First of all I must say something to those who … The United Kingdom's constitution, being uncodified and largely unwritten, makes no mention of a prime minister. Under some presidential systems, such as South Korea and Peru, the prime minister is not the head of government; rather, he or she is only the leader or most senior member of the cabinet. Although the roles of the Spanish head of government coincide with the definition of a 'prime minister', in Spain the position is in fact referred to as 'the Presidency of the Government'. Some states, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament. Bahrain's former prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah occupied the post from 1970 to November 2020, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister. The prime minister of the French Republic (French: Premier ministre français), sometimes shortened to premier, is the head of government of France. Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. The nature of his questions left the French in little doubt that he was on board for the concept. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. Eden did not formally commit himself to the plan, but that was in itself a decision. Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. Although the president's choice of prime minister must be in accordance with the majority in the National Assembly, a prime minister does not have to ask for vote of confidence after his or her cabinet's formation. August 1960 in Berg-Seelscheid Werdegang Abitur 1980: Mitglied der FDP Ausbildung zum Bankkaufmann Studium der Volks- und Betriebswirtschaftslehre an den Universitäten Münster und Bonn 1987: Abschluss als Diplom-Volkswirt 1987 bis 1991: Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter … This process consists of placing a bill before the Assembly, and either the Assembly overthrows the Government, or the bill is passed automatically (article 49). In the case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach by English speakers. The Republic of Korea's constitution (1987) sections 86–87 list the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea. As a result, a prime minister has only been censured once during the existence of the Fifth Republic, in 1962 when Georges Pompidou was toppled over objections to President Charles de Gaulle's effort to have the president popularly elected. The 1958 Constitution includes several provisions intended to strengthen the prime minister's position, for instance by restricting the legislature's power to censure the government. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905. Itineraries Ottawa, Ontario - January 17, 2021. 1. The codified part originally made no reference whatsoever to a prime minister[14] and still gives no parameters of the office. (Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution, which appear to suggest that a taoiseach should remain in office, without the requirement of a renomination, unless s/he has clearly lost the general election.) A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. Other members of Government are appointed by the president "on the recommendation of the prime minister". The prime minister of the French Republic (French: Premier ministre français), sometimes shortened to premier, is the head of government of France. Estonian prime minister quits over corruption probe. Czech Republic's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau speaks with Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany. However, at the ensuing 1962 French legislative election, de Gaulle's coalition won an increased majority, and Pompidou was reappointed prime minister. Italy's constitution (1948) lists the powers, functions and duties of the President of the Council of Ministers. Prime Minister’s itinerary for … Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government. In these systems, it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president. As a result, cabinets were often toppled twice a year, and there were long stretches where France was left with only a caretaker government. Such a situation, where the president is forced to work with a prime minister who is an opponent, is called a cohabitation. Despite the fact that Mitterrand's own Socialist Party was the largest party in the Assembly, it did not have an absolute majority. Over time, however, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century.[3]. Poland and Hungary do have some reason to believe the rule of law provisions would have been used as a way of forcing compliance, with European Parliament vice president Katarina Barley, of Germany, having suggested they should be “starved financially” before the vote at which they exercised … Juri Ratas has resigned but denies any wrongdoing after a probe was opened into his … The prestige of British institutions in the 19th century and the growth of the British Empire saw the British model of cabinet government, headed by a prime minister, widely copied, both in other European countries and in British colonial territories as they developed self-government. [note 1] In some cases, prime ministers may choose to hold additional ministerial posts (e.g. Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally 'renominated' after every general election. A … The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Greece's constitution (1975) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Greece. of either the Lok Sabha (Lower House) or Rajya Sabha (Upper House). During the period between the time it is clear that the incumbent government has been defeated at a general election, and the actual swearing-in of the new prime minister by the monarch, governor-general, or president, that person is referred to as the "prime minister-elect" or "prime minister-designate". He or she can base his or her their legitimacy on the president's assignment as prime minister and approval of the cabinet. All prime ministers defend the programs of their ministry, and make budgetary choices. Though it had de facto existed for centuries, its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century. Laurent Fabius1984–1986 (1946-08-20) 20 August 1946 (age 74), Édith Cresson1991–1992 (1934-01-27) 27 January 1934 (age 86), Édouard Balladur1993–1995 (1929-05-02) 2 May 1929 (age 91), Alain Juppé1995–1997 (1945-08-15) 15 August 1945 (age 75), Lionel Jospin1997–2002 (1937-07-12) 12 July 1937 (age 83), Jean-Pierre Raffarin2002–2005 (1948-08-03) 3 August 1948 (age 72), Dominique de Villepin2005–2007 (1953-11-14) 14 November 1953 (age 67), François Fillon2007–2012 (1954-03-04) 4 March 1954 (age 66), Jean-Marc Ayrault2012–2014 (1950-01-25) 25 January 1950 (age 71), Manuel Valls2014–2016 (1962-08-13) 13 August 1962 (age 58), Bernard Cazeneuve2016–2017 (1963-06-02) 2 June 1963 (age 57), Édouard Philippe2017–2020 (1970-11-28) 28 November 1970 (age 50), Several incarnations since the Ancien Régime, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, "French National Assembly – Assemblée nationale", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_France&oldid=993319189, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The only person to serve as prime minister more than once under the Fifth Republic was, The youngest appointed prime minister was, The only woman who was appointed at the head of government is. 3. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition. In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. Premier read as (Simplified Chinese: 总理; pinyin: Zŏnglĭ) in Chinese. The last prime minister not to be First Lord of the Treasury was Lord Salisbury at the turn of the 20th century. Appointment of the prime minister of France requires no approval by the parliament either, but the parliament may force the resignation of the government. … In federations, the head of government of a federated entity (e.g., a Canadian province, a Brazilian state, etc.) [7][8][9] In some places alternative titles such as "premier", "chief minister", "first minister of state", "president of the council" or "chancellor" were adopted, but the essentials of the office were the same. Prime Minister’s itinerary for Monday, January 18, 2021 . While prime ministers are usually chosen from amongst the ranks of the National Assembly, on rare occasions the president has selected a non-officeholder because of their experience in bureaucracy or foreign service, or their success in business management—Dominique de Villepin, for example, served as prime minister from 2005 to 2007 without ever having held an elected office. Unwritten, makes no mention of a prime minister who is an opponent, is called a.. Forms a government from 1721 this was the entire cabinet out of office of France constitution. Or her government before the House of Commons are included Here has been. Modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister ’ s itinerary for Monday, January 18, 2021 United Kingdom constitution! The monarch, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal [ 5 ] [ ]... The case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred as. 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