This will improve air circulation around plants and enhance the drying of foliage from dew or rainfall. Some insects feed on ripe fruit, such as leaf-footed plant bugs and stink bugs. The fungus survives on crop residue and in the soil. Tomato Cultivars with Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV). The cause of this disorder is a calcium deficiency in the developing fruit. Products containing chlorothalonil can be sprayed weekly to reduce infection. 3. Fruits may have yellow spots. Stem Diseases in Tomato Crop. Tomatoes are often harvested at temperatures that are ideal for decay development, e.g. This appears at the ‘blossom end’ of the fruit - the opposite end to the stem. Follow fertilization recommendations by soil test results. Infected plants may appear randomly throughout the garden. Fruits form sunken black patches at the blossom end of the fruit. Reflective mulches (aluminum or silver-colored) can be used in the rows to reduce whitefly feeding. Extreme fluctuations in moisture, rainy or cloudy weather with high humidity, cool temperatures, insufficient soil calcium, root pruning from nearby cultivation, and excessive ammoniacal (NH4 +) nitrogen, potassium, or magnesium fertilization can also increase the chances of blossom end rot, especially early in the season. See Table 7 for cultivars resistant to root-knot nematodes. This tomato diseases tell tale mark is found at the stem end of the fruit which will turn black. Symptoms in tomato plants are the upward curling of leaves, yellow (chlorotic) leaf margins, smaller leaves than normal, plant stunting, and flower drop. Moist weather is conducive to disease development. Epsom salts is an example of a magnesium source, so do not apply to garden soil unless a recent soil report indicates a magnesium deficiency. Surviving plants have water-soaked areas on the stem close to the soil line. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. If calcium levels are not sufficient but the soil pH is correct, then gypsum (calcium sulfate) is best tilled into the soil before planting at 1 to 2 pounds per 100 square feet. vesicatoria. They are better able to fend off diseases and pests than stressed or weak plants. A calcium nitrate (15.5-0-0) side dress fertilizer is usually the best choice, and is applied monthly at 2 pounds per 100 feet of row. Occasionally, the fungus attacks stems, blossoms and fruits. Symptoms of virus infection may appear as light and dark green mottling of the leaves. Examples of fertilizers with ammoniacal nitrogen are ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and most complete fertilizers, such as 10-10-10. Some diseases affect the foliage, while others attack the fruit. Avoid areas that were planted with peppers or tomatoes during the previous year. Worldwide there are over 20 viral diseases that can affect the tomato plant, for which there is no cure. Seeds can be contaminated. Tomato Viral Diseases. If high temperature and humidity occur at this time, much of the foliage is killed. Most of disease resistance depend on some of tomatoes cultivars Rotation is useful for controlling many of tomatos disease It could be found that in the future, the genetic modification of tomato can be the best mechanism to get rid of all of the disease problems. Example of a product containing canola oil is Espoma Earth-tone Horticultural Oil Ready to Spray. Buckeye rot is a disease of the fruit caused by the fungus Phytophthora parasitica. Crop rotation of 3 years and sanitation (removal of crop debris) will reduce the amount of inoculum. Fungal spores can remain in the soil to infect plants the following year. Examples of products containing horticultural oil are Ferti-lome Horticultural Oil Spray and Bonide All Seasons Spray Oil. Younger plants may wilt and die, but older plants may survive and bear discolored fruit that may not fully ripen. Yellow shoulder (also referred as yellow top or persistent green shoulder) affects the shoulders of tomato fruit exposed to the sun. Collect and destroy the infected fruits and grown up larvae. Shading: Few blossoms are produced when the plants receive less than six hours of sun a day. Tomato disease identification is easiest by comparing your problem to pictures and a list of symptoms. One of the most common tomato diseases—septoria leaf spot—appears just as its name suggests. Generalized tomato plant adapted from Plant Pathology 4th edition by G. N. Agrios copyright 1997 as Figure 1-1 published by Academic Press, San Diego, CA, with permission from Elsevier. of Spices, Aromatic, Medicinal &Plantation crops: AGRO202 - Practical crop production I & II For example, sprays with insecticidal soap, horticultural oil, neem oil extract, spinosad, Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t. On the fruits, lesions attain considerable size, usually involving nearly the entire fruit. Zachary Boone Snipes, ©2015 Clemson Extension. See Table 1 for examples of products containing this active ingredient. However, if the soil was not tested lime or gypsum was not applied pre-plant, and blossom end rot occurs, then applying gypsum at 1 to 2 pounds per 100 square feet as a side dress supplement has proven beneficial. Generalized tomato plant adapted from Plant Pathology 4th edition by G. N. Agrios copyright 1997 as Figure 1-1 published by Academic Press, San Diego, CA, with permission from Elsevier. Do not plant tomatoes after beans, pepper or eggplant. For more information see HGIC 2216, Root-Knot Nematodes in the Vegetable Garden. Do not use over-head irrigation to water the garden, but water at the base of the plants by drip irrigation, soaker hoses, or by hand with a garden hose. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) can be grown on almost any moderately well-drained soil type. Prevention & Treatment: Currently grown tomato cultivars are susceptible to Septoria leaf spot. Numerous small, circular spots with dark borders surrounding a beige-colored center appear on the older leaves. Table 2. Harvest tomato fruit daily as soon as they are ripe. Additionally, there are less toxic spray fungicides that contain sulfur or copper soap, and biological control sprays for plant diseases that contain Bacillus subtilis. These viral infection cause a wide variety of mosaic patterns and distortions to the leaves, stunted growth and marbling patterns on the fruit. Do not use over-head irrigation. Trim off and dispose of infected lower branches and leaves. Avoid ammoniacal nitrogen fertilizers for side dress applications (beside or around the plants), as ammoniacal nitrogen also will compete with calcium for uptake. The fungus is most active when temperatures range from 68 to 77° F, the humidity is high, and rainfall or over-head irrigation wets the plants. The fungus survives on infected debris in the soil, on seed, on volunteer tomato plants and other solanaceous hosts, such as Irish potato, eggplant, and black nightshade. Blights Early blight begins as small black lesions on the leaves and soon forms concentric rings like a target. Blocking of the water-conducting vessels is the main reason for wilting. Maintain a uniform supply of moisture through irrigation and adequate soil mulches. Limestone is best applied 3 to 6 months in advance and tilled into the garden soil. Try Arkansas Traveler, Talladaga Hybrid, Homestead 24, Bella Rosa Hybrid, Top Gun Hybrid, Solar Fire Hybrid, Florida 91 Hybrid, Sioux or Costoluto Genovese for heat-tolerance. Follow the directions on the label. Florida 47.A late midseason, determinate, jointed hybrid. Calcium nitrate may be applied at transplanting. Neem oil extract or botanical oil sprays may also reduce plant damage by repelling many insect pests. This article tells you whether tomatoes are fruits … Infection of fruits must occur through insect punctures or other mechanical injury. This cuts the water supply off to the plant parts above, which wilt.Joey Williamson, © 2018 HGIC, Clemson Extension. Solanum lycopersicum and Lycopersicon lycopersicum) is an herbaceous annual in the family Solanaceae grown for its edible fruit.The plant can be erect with short stems or vine-like with long, spreading stems. Table 9. TSWV infected vines will bear discolored fruit that may not fully ripen.T. Day temperatures above 90 degrees F combined with low humidity and/or drought. You’ll see this issue … Early blight (Alternaria species) on tomato foliage. When infection is severe, the spots coalesce, and the foliage is killed. ), or botanical oils can help control many small insect pests and mites that affect garden and landscape plants. Bacterial spot is difficult to control once it appears in the field. Identification and Control Information (each will open in a new window) Tomato Diseases and Disorders (includes information on most of those listed) [PDF]—Iowa State University Extension ; Tomato Leaf and Fruit Diseases and Disorders (includes information on many of those listed plus others) [PDF]—Kansas State University Cooperative Extension Tomatoes and related vegetables, such as potatoes, peppers and eggplants, should not be planted on the same land more than once in three years. See Table 1 for fungicide products for home garden use. It may also occur when tomatoes are pruned severely. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) are microscopic worms that live in the soil and in plant roots. See Table 1 for fungicide products for home garden use. Destroy volunteer tomato and potato plants and nightshade family weeds, which may harbor the fungus. To know for certain which disease is affecting the tomato crop, it is best to submit a plant sample through the local Extension office. Keep the garden weed free, as the presence of weeds may raise humidity levels around plants and slow drying conditions. Secondary infection by decay-causing organisms usually follows. This is the best way to guarantee your plants are getti… Prevention & Treatment: The following guidelines should be followed to minimize late blight problems: Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici) on tomato. Prevention & Treatment: Avoid compacted, poorly drained soils (grow plants in raised beds). Spotted Wilt The plant material will be sent for a fee to the Clemson Plant & Pest Diagnostic Clinic for diagnosis and control recommendations. The bacteria multiply rapidly inside the water-conducting tissue of the plant, filling it with slime. White fungal growth with brown mustard seed-sized sclerotia may be visible. Under moist conditions, a white, cottony fungal growth appears on the buckeye rot lesions. A common tomato problem is blossom-end rot. Marjan Kluepfel, Former HGIC Horticulture Information Specialist, Clemson UniversityJames H. Blake, EdD, Extension Associate/Adjunct Professor, Dept. This increase is made possible by the numerous research advances made along the entire value chain. Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas vesicatoria) symptoms on tomato leaves. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) causes mottling of older leaves and may cause malformation of leaflets, which may become shoestring-like in shape. Another symptom is the production of large numbers of adventitious roots that burst forth from larger stems. It is most common on green fruit. michiganensis (Smith) Davis et al. Some weeds that infest the garden are also in the same family, which is another reason to keep the garden free of weeds. The blacken areas coalesce and extend as a band along the stem, as well as out onto the leaf petioles. Start seeds indoors in sterilized potting mix. Tomato Cultivars with Resistance to Blossom End Rot of Fruit. Keep weeds controlled within and around the garden site, as these may be alternate hosts for whiteflies. The bacteria survive the winter on volunteer tomato plants and on infected plant debris. On the stems, a brown, dry rot develops near the soil line. Failure to set fruit or poor fruit set 1. There is a one day waiting period between spraying and picking. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson UniversityAnthony P. Keinath, PhD, Vegetable Pathologist, Clemson University Coastal REC, Clemson University, Joey Williamson, PhD, HGIC Horticulture Extension Agent, Clemson University. Do not over-head irrigate tomatoes, as splashing water aids in the spread of fungal spores. Fresh, vine-ripened tomatoes are one of the great joys of summer. Prevention & Treatment: Damping-off is often a problem in plants that are planted too early in the spring. Infection usually occurs on the lower leaves near the ground, after plants begin to set fruit. Zachary Boone Snipes, ©2015 Clemson Extension. Galled tomato roots caused by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species). Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is not seed-borne, but is transmitted by whiteflies. Table 8. Several weeks after transplanting the tomato plants into the garden, random plants may appear stunted, and younger leaves may be marked with bronze or dark spots, or have prominent purple veins. The fungi Pythium and Rhizoctonia cause damping-off of tomato seedlings. Performs well in cool weather conditions. The symptom is mostly on older leaves, with an upward curling of the leaflets, but may progress to affect up to 75 percent of the foliage. This bacterium survives in the soil for extended periods and enters the roots through wounds made by transplanting, cultivation or insects and through natural wounds where secondary roots emerge. Chapter 18. Fungicide sprays with chlorothalonil, mancozeb, or copper fungicides will give fairly good control of buckeye rot. Control insects (thrips and whiteflies) that carry viruses (see HGIC 2218, Tomato Insect Pests). Remove all diseased plant material. However, feeding by thrips can transmit the virus to plants within minutes. Caution: Pollinating insects, such as honey bees and bumblebees, can be adversely affected by the use of pesticides. Disease development is favored by high temperatures and high moisture. This fruit symptom is very similar to that of two other diseases called late blight and buckeye rot of tomato. The fully formed fruit rots on the vine before it fully ripens. Table 4. Tomato Production 2 Everglade.Full-season maturity with deep oblate fruit. Tomato Cultivars with Resistance to Late Blight. Tomato diseases can be fatal unless you take management steps in a timely manner. Prevention & Treatment: The symptom of leaf roll does not significantly damage the crop. Tomatoes are typically grouped alongside vegetables in the culinary world, but you may have also heard them referred to as fruits. This destructive disease of tomato foliage, petioles and stems (fruit is not infected) is caused by the fungus Septoria lycopersici. The dark-brown to black cankers form on tomato plant stems, this cause most damage to the plant. Severely spotted leaves turn yellow, die and fall off the plant. Infection usually occurs on the lower leaves near the ground, after plants begin to set fruit. Some cracks may be deep, allowing decay organisms to enter the fruit and cause fruit rot. Table 10. J. Savereno, ©2018 Clemson Extension. Infected plants show stunted growth with shorter internodes and petioles, and large number of branches and roots than normal giving the plant a bushy appearance. The fruit is extremely malformed and scarred, usually at the blossom end. Repeated fungicide applications with chlorothalonil (very good) or copper fungicide, or mancozeb (good) will keep the disease in check. michiganensis. The fungus can also attack fruits where they touch the soil. The fungus is soil-borne and passes upward from the roots into the water-conducting system of the stem. Some newer cultivars are resistant to races 1, 2 and 3, and can be found listed in Table 4. Decay causing fungi frequently invade the damaged tissue. Prevention & Treatment: When nematodes are not yet present, move the garden location every year, purchase disease-free plants, pull up and dispose of roots immediately after harvest, and use resistant cultivars (indicated by N following tomato cultivar name). Dry soil: Blossoms dry and fall when the plants do not receive enough water. See Table 2 for tomato cultivars with resistance or tolerance to early blight. parasitica, P. capsici, and P. drechsleri. The leaf spots may have a yellow halo. IARI Toppers Prov Prevention & Treatment: Crop rotation with non-susceptible grass crops and removal of plant debris immediately after harvest will help to control the disease. Ripe fruits are not susceptible to the disease. TSWV symptoms on tomato fruit.Meg Williamson, ©2012 Plant Problem Clinic, Clemson University. Show less Following the successful first edition, this revised edition, contains 680 pages and 900 color photos and diagrams, covering every imaginable symptom, pest and disease affecting the tomato. Sunscald can be managed by careful pruning and harvesting, good foliar disease control, and planting cultivars with good foliage cover that does not break open and expose the fruit. Late blight is a potentially serious disease of potato and tomato, caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans. Fruits that develop later in the season will not be affected. It is a fungus that thrives in warm, wet conditions and lives in the soil. Prune plants to promote air circulation. Prevention: Cover exposed fruits. high temperatures. Joey Williamson, ©2013 HGIC, Clemson Extension. Peppers are also attacked. These spots enlarge and become black. When root-knot nematodes are present, relocate the garden to a nematode-free area. Rogued (pulled out) infected plants should be immediately bagged to prevent the spread of the whiteflies feeding on those plants. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccoides) on tomato fruit. Avoid overhead watering by using drip or furrow irrigation. Prevention & Treatment: Only use certified disease-free seed and plants. In the future, space out tomato plants in the garden to 3 feet apart. This is a warm-weather disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The frequency of irrigation should be increased to provide adequate soil moisture for recovery. TSWV symptoms on tomato foliage.Meg Williamson, ©2012 Plant Problem Clinic, Clemson University. Diseases of Fruit Plantation Medicinal and Aromatic Crops ICAR Ecourse PDF Book was developed by ICAR e Krishi Shiksha and TNAU. Practice cultural techniques to prevent or reduce the incidence of plant diseases, including pre-plant soil improvement, proper plant spacing, crop rotation, applying mulch, applying lime and fertilizer based on soil test results, and avoiding over-head irrigation and frequent watering of established plants. After extending onto leaf petioles, necrotic areas appear on the leaf blades. For more information on physiological leaf roll, please see HGIC 2222 , Tomato Leaves Rolling? Tomato Disease and Insect Control Manual with Variety Selection Anthony Carver Extension Agent – Grainger County 14 Pest Fungicide Suggested Rate/Acre PHI days Maximu m Use/Acre/ Season Remarks & Precautions TOMATO, FIELD Buckeye Fruit Rot Circular, zonate bands within large spot on fruit, worse on lower clusters. The symptoms consist of numerous small, angular to irregular, water-soaked spots on the leaves and slightly raised to scabby spots on the fruits. Tomato Cultivars with Resistance to Early Blight. Prevention: Maintain even soil moisture with regular watering. Locate your garden where it will receive morning sun. Also lots of advice on how to grow tomatoes. The disease is most common during periods of prolonged warm, wet weather and in poorly drained soils. Poor Fruit Set: Poor fruit set occurs for several reasons: Catfacing: This is a disorder caused by cold temperatures during fruit set. This disease, shown here on wheat leaves, covers your tomato leaves with small, circular spots that have gray-white centers and darker edges. See more ideas about tomato garden, tomato, growing tomatoes. Some cultivars are more prone to leaf roll than others. Prevention & Treatment: Control of bacterial wilt of plants grown in infested soil is difficult. Allow extra room between the plants, and avoid overhead watering, especially late in the day. High nitrogen levels in the soil promote leaf growth at the expense of blossom and fruit formation. Avoid wetting leaves when watering. See Table 1 for examples of fungicide products for home garden use. See Table 6 for tomato cultivars with resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. This disease is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas vesicatoria, which attacks green but not red tomatoes. With warm, moist and humid weather (from rainfall or over-head irrigation) the fungus produces salmon-colored spores that are exuded from the black fungal material in the center of the spots. Leaf mold (Fulvia fulva) on tomato foliage. Survival and spread Lesions on the stems are similar to those on leaves and sometimes girdle the plant if they occur near the soil line (collar rot). There are no spray treatments to reduce disease. Tomato Cultivars with Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV). Follow the soil report for recommendations for pre-plant nutrient (fertilizer) applications. However, sometimes diseases, pests and/or environmental stresses get in the way of our tomato harvests. Many cultivars have Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) resistance (the letter T follows the cultivar name), such as: Bush Celebrity, Bush Early Girl, Jetsetter, Big Beef, Celebrity, Sweet Cluster, Sweet Million (cherry), and Super Marzano (paste). Frequently, a white fungal mat covers the lesions. Night temperatures above 70 degrees F or below 55 degrees F. 2. Correct the nitrogen imbalance with superphosphate or 0-20-20 fertilizer. Any infected plant should be removed and destroyed. Extreme temperatures: The blossoms drop off without setting fruit when temperatures are below 55 °F or above 90 °F for extended periods. Plant the garden in a sunny site and stake or cage tomato plants to provide better air movement and leaf drying conditions. See Table 1 for examples of fungicide products for home garden use. Remove and destroy infected plants promptly. The fungus Athelia rolfsii (synonym Sclerotium rolfsii) causes this disease. Under humid conditions the spots on the lower leaf surfaces become covered with a gray, velvety growth of the spores produced by the fungus. Remove and destroy crop debris as soon as the crop has finished bearing. Some tomato cultivars are crack-tolerant; see Table 9 for suggested cultivars. ), Matt’s Wild Cherry (moderate EB resistance), Juliet Hybrid (mini-roma) (moderate EB resist), Defiant PhR Hybrid (moderate EB resistance). Add nitrogen fertilizer after the seedlings have produced their first true leaves. Seedlings fail to emerge in the greenhouse or small seedlings wilt and die soon after emergence or transplanting. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Some varieties of tomatoes have resistance to anthracnose, such as Chef’s Choice Orange Hybrid. Prevention & Treatment: Eliminating weeds in the garden is the first step in reducing the chance of acquiring TSWV. See Table 5 below for recommended TSWV-resistant cultivars. Look for cultivars with resistance if this has been a problem in the past. For more information, see HGIC 1652, Soil Testing and HGIC 1323, Tomato. Often leaves on only one side of the stem turn golden yellow at first. Complete defoliation (browning and shriveling of leaves and stems) can occur within 14 days from the first symptoms. Tomatoes can fall prey to a number of tomato plant bacterial diseases, including bacterial spot, bacterial speck, and bacterial canker. Purchase certified disease-free seeds and plants. With tomato pith necrosis, brown (necrotic) areas on stems often begin where leaves attach and spread down the adjacent leaf petiole.Joey Williamson, ©2018 HGIC, Clemson Extension. The problem appears when the growing season starts. for Aphids, Centipedegrass Yearly Maintenance Program, Bonide Mancozeb Flowable with Zinc Concentrate, Natural Guard Copper Soap Liquid Fungicide Concentrate (1.8%), Mountain Merit Hybrid (moderate EB resist. Eliminate weeds in and near the garden. The fungus is not soil-borne, but can overwinter on crop residue from previous crops, decaying vegetation and some wild hosts related to tomato. Bacterial stem rot and fruit rot. Bacterial Canker of Tomato. Keep foliage dry. Prevention & Treatment: There are no chemical controls for viruses. Rotation, sanitation, staking and mulching will help reduce the disease. This article is a list of diseases of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). Blossom end rot is a disease caused by dry soil conditions and a shortage of calcium. The fungus does not affect the foliage. disease prevention, see our Kemper Center Factsheet Tomato Diseases and Disorders. Long-distance spread is through seed and transplants. This disease is extremely damaging to fruit yield in both tomato and pepper crops. After infection, tomato plants may be symptomless for as long as 2 – 3 weeks. Jan 3, 2019 - Explore Tomato Dirt's board "Tomato Diseases", followed by 7186 people on Pinterest. Tomato plant with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Initially, this part of the fruit becomes off-white to brown in colour and takes on a ‘sunken in’ appearance. The fungus Fulvia fulva causes leaf mold. Use crop rotation, eradicate weeds and volunteer tomato plants, space plants to not touch, mulch plants, fertilize properly, don’t wet tomato plants with irrigation water, and keep the plants growing vigorously. Bacterial Speck Disease of Tomato: An Insight into Host-Bacteria Interaction. Sclerotia and mycelium of Athelia rolfsii (synonym Sclerotium rolfsii) Zachary Boone Snipes, ©2015 Clemson Extension. Bacterial diseases. There may be the appearance of adventitious roots that erupt from the main stems of tomato plants infected with tomato pith necrosis.Joey Williamson, © 2018 HGIC, Clemson Extension. In our tests, tomatoes that were inoculated with soft rot bacteria developed decay after 18 hours at 86oF. Fungicide sprays can help reduce disease. Lesions of buckeye rot resemble those of late blight, except that the former remain firm and smooth, whereas late blight lesions become rough and are slightly sunken at the margins. Peppers are also susceptible to this disease. The initial symptoms are pale green or yellowish spots on the upper leaf surface, which enlarge and turn a distinctive yellow. They're all slightly different but appear as spots on leaves and fruits. Establish a rotation system using marigold cultivars Tangerine, Petite Gold or Petite Harmony, which reduce root-knot nematode populations in soils. Pith necrosis is caused by multiple species of soil-borne Pseudomonas bacteria, including Pseudomonas corrugata, as well as Pectobacterium carotovorum. As the fruit are ripening, the symptoms first become noticeable as small, circular indented areas, which later develop darkened centers. Any water movement from one leaf or plant to another, such as splashing rain drops, overhead irrigation, and touching or handling wet plants, may spread the bacteria from diseased to healthy plants. GRIN Publishing, This page was last edited on 29 December 2020, at 05:16. Seeds of several TSWV-resistant cultivars of tomatoes are available from mail-order seed companies. Often the upper foliage will become twisted and cupped as the bronze areas expand. However, it is very important to always read and follow the label directions on each product. Staking and pruning to increase air circulation helps to control the disease. The fungus can affect all plant parts. Buckeye rot of tomato is caused by three species pathogen Phytophthora: P. nicotianae var. Eventually, entire leaves will wither.Joey Williamson, © 2018 HGIC, Clemson Extension. Using a preventative fungicide program with chlorothalonil, mancozeb or copper fungicide, can control the disease. Tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum (syn. Control: As the weather becomes warmer, plants may recover as the rapid spring growth slows. This stem damage cuts the water supply off to the upper portions of the tomato plant, so that upper leaves may yellow and the shoots wilt. A combination of daytime temperatures in the upper 70s °F with high humidity is ideal for infection. Sunscald: Sunscald occurs when tomatoes are exposed to the direct rays of the sun during hot weather. This results in a rapid wilt of the plant, while the leaves stay green. above 86oF (30oC). Concentric rings are also present on the fruit. Chlorothalonil can be found listed in Table 4 damage by repelling many pests... 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