karate framework for ui automation

This does require you to move set-up into a separate *.feature (or JavaScript) file. The function argument is the row-index, so you can easily determine when to stop the generation of data. It will create a Karate report under Karate Project > target > Karate report > karate-summary.html, Step 4: Create a TestRunner.java class under src/test/java. You can find more JSON examples here: js-arrays.feature. When using call (or callonce), only one argument is allowed. (Also added cucumber plugin and restart the eclipse). return results.size() == 2 ? Note that the set (multiple) keyword can build complex, nested JSON (or XML) from scratch in a data-driven manner, and you may not even need to read from files for many situations. He created Karate to address some of the issues of Selenium. The approach in this section is more suited for troubleshooting in dev-mode, using your IDE. And you dont need to create additional Java classes for any of the payloads that you need to work with. 1. And yes, you can use an if statement in Karate ! Karate is an open-source framework for API Test automation that uses BDD style syntax, has a rich assertion library, built-in HTML reports. Refer to this demo feature for an example: kitten-create.feature. This is very useful to boil-down those common steps that you may have to perform at the start of multiple test-scripts - into one-liners. Now we will create a scenario in feature file. Either - it can be assigned to a variable like so. You can select a single Scenario (or Scenario-s or Scenario Outline-s or even specific Examples rows) by appending a tag selector at the end of the feature-file you are calling. Compared this with other front end au. "hotels": [ If the request is for /api/*, the first Scenario matches - else the last one is a catch all. useful to scrape text out of non-JSON or non-XML text sources such as HTML, like the above, but returns a list of text-matches. to save space and speed up report loading), * configure imageComparison = { hideUiOnSuccess, # ignore areas of an image (e.g. In this video, We are going to learn How to Automate a LIVE Project using Karate UI Automation Tutorial. Note that there is a karate.fail() API that may be handy when you want to fail a test after advanced / conditional checks. So most of the time this would be sufficient: Since it will result in the following request to the WebDriver /session: But in some cases, especially when you need to talk to remote driver instances, you need to pass specific shapes of JSON expected by the particular implementation - or you may need to pass custom data or extension properties. If you really want a long-running flow that combines steps from multiple features, you can make a call to each of them from the single top-level Scenario. As a convenience, cookies from the previous response are collected and passed as-is as part of the next HTTP request. For example, here below is an actual report generated by the cucumber-reporting open-source library. JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. You can even initialize the JSON in a separate step and pass it by name, especially if it is complex. Note that #present and #notpresent only make sense when you are matching within a JSON or XML context or using a JsonPath or XPath on the left-hand-side. 1 Using Karate, according to Karate - is it possible to find element according to part of its parameter I have tried to do that using: * def filter = function (x) { return x.attribute ('placeholder').startsWith ('Very') } * def list = locateAll ('input [placeholder]', filter) But I have no idea how to use it for inserting the value. If you are looking for Cucumber hooks Karate does not support them, mainly because they depend on Java code, which goes against the Karate Way. You may face issues if you attempt to mix in JS functions or Java code. var squares = []; Karate has a set of Java API-s that expose the HTTP, JSON, data-assertion and UI automation capabilities. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. Here below is the equivalent of the above, done the hard way: The built-in DockerTarget is a good example of how to: Controlling this flow from Java can take a lot of complexity out your build pipeline and keep things cross-platform. Of course, try not to use single-quotes within the string to be matched, or escape them using a back-slash (\) character. A JavaScript function or Karate expression at runtime has access to a utility object in a variable named: karate. Checking if a string is contained within another string is a very common need and match (name) contains works just like youd expect: For case-insensitive string comparisons, see how to create custom utilities or karate.lowerCase(). Karate is even able to ignore fields you choose - which is very useful when you want to handle server-side dynamically generated fields such as UUID-s, time-stamps, security-tokens and the like. For manipulating or updating JSON (or XML) using path expressions, refer to the set keyword. there is exactly one row and one column in the table. Heres a simple recipe to set up this mechanism on your local machine. The DockerTarget implementation has an example and you can find more details here. The assert keyword can be used to assert that an expression returns a boolean value. This is a good time to deep-dive into JsonPath, which is perfect for slicing and dicing JSON into manageable chunks. 1234 You can use print to log variables to the console in the middle of a script. You have the option to adjust the scope of the match, and here are examples: Note that {:4} can be used as a short-cut instead of {*:4}. # reset to defaults for the rest of the test //www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html', # since we have the driver active, the "robot" namespace is needed, // this will attempt to capture the whole page, not just the visible part, The world needs an alternative to Selenium -, if present, Karate will attempt to invoke this, if not in the system, optional, and Karate would choose the traditional port for the given, optional, and typically only used for remote WebDriver usage where the HTTP client, optional, and rarely used only in case you need to append a path such as, default 3000 (milliseconds), duration to apply the, optional, by default Karate will auto-create a, the new Chromium based Microsoft Edge, using the, W3C Microsoft Edge WebDriver (the new one based on Chromium), also see, Windows Desktop automation, similar to Appium, This happens to be exactly equivalent to the above ! You can even retrieve operating-system environment variables via Java interop as follows: var systemPath = java.lang.System.getenv('PATH'); This decision to use JavaScript for config is influenced by years of experience with the set-up of complicated test-suites and fighting with Maven profiles, Maven resource-filtering and the XML-soup that somehow gets summoned by the Maven AntRun plugin. You can easily get the value of the current environment or profile, and then set up global variables using some simple JavaScript. When you request a, like the above, but temporarily over-rides the settings to wait for a, frequently needed short-cut for waiting until a string appears - and this uses a string contains match for convenience, wait until a certain number of rows of tabular data is present, Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation, Cross-platform - with even the option to run as a programming-language, No need to learn complicated programming concepts such as callbacks, , You can even run tests in parallel across, Seamlessly mix API and UI tests within the same script, for example, Elegant syntax for typical web-automation challenges such as waiting for a, Comprehensive support for user-input types including, a handy reference that can give you ideas on how to structure your tests, provision a free port and use it to shape the, execute the command to start the target process, perform an HTTP health check to wait until we are ready to receive connections, VNC server exposed on port 5900 so that you can watch the browser in real-time. This will also do automatically perform a karate.embed() - so that the image appears in the HTML report. This is where the friendly locators come in. One example of when you may want to convert JSON (or XML) to a string is when you are passing a payload to custom code via Java interop. Here below is an example jbang script that uses the Karate Java API to do some useful work. This is especially useful when capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that are known to be correct. This example is for Windows, and you can provide the app, appArguments and other parameters expected by the WinAppDriver via the webDriverSession. The following method signatures are available on the karate JS object to obtain a websocket client: These will init a websocket client for the given url and optional subProtocol. For a detailed discussion on BDD and how Karate relates to Cucumber, please refer to this blog-post: Yes, Karate is not true BDD. You just need to do a normal POST (or GET). . In Karate - these are typically one-liners. In rare cases you may want to suppress the default of Scenario-s executing in parallel and the special tag @parallel=false can be used. When multipart content is involved, the Content-Type header of the HTTP request defaults to multipart/form-data. Here is a real-life example combined with the use of retry(): If you have more than two locators you need to wait for, use the single-argument-as-array form, like this: Returns an Element (instead of exists() which returns a boolean). The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. var date = new java.util.Date(); To avoid problems, stick to the pattern of using double-quotes to wrap the JavaScript snippet, and you can use single-quotes within. Can be expressions that will be evaluated. That said, if you really need to implement conditional checks, this can be one pattern: And this is another, using karate.call(). And here is how cat-create.feature could look like: If you replace the table with perhaps a JavaScript function call that gets some JSON data from some data-source, you can imagine how you could go about dynamic data-driven testing. As a rule of thumb, prefer match over assert, because match failure messages are more detailed and descriptive. And the JSON will still be well-formed, and editable in your IDE or text-editor. classpath:, this:, file:) or byte arrays: You may configure the following image comparison options using the configure action: Image comparison engines can also be customized: Best practice is to stick to using only def unless there is a very good reason to do otherwise. You can also dynamically set multiple files in one step using multipart files. PUT method in HTTP is used to update the resources on the server. A callonce is ideally used for only pure JSON. The advantage of this approach is that it works with any of the actions. Note: In POST API request, we have to provide the body (payload). This is one reason why you may want to prefer a flat directory structure as explained above. Also referred to as mutual auth - if your API requires that clients present an X509 certificate for authentication, Karate supports this via JSON as the configure ssl value. Typically you would examine the value property as in the example above, but domain and path are also available. There is also a karate.mapWithKey() for a common need - which is to convert an array of primitives into an array of objects, which is the form that data driven features expect. In the rare case that you need to mutate a Map or List returned from Java but while still within a JS block, use karate.toJson() to convert. In such cases, the function can do nothing or return an empty JSON. Ideally it should return pure JSON and note that you always get a deep clone of the cached result object. The karate-demo has an example showing various ways to configure or set headers: headers.feature. If you are new to programming or test-automation, refer to the options for IDE support and the official IntelliJ plugin is recommended. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. If you find yourself struggling to write dynamic JsonPath filters, look at karate.filter() as an alternative, described just below. This can be done via the maven-surefire-plugin configuration. And then you would use the built-in driver JS object for all other operations, combined with Karates match syntax for assertions where needed. It can be used instead of waitForUrl() and you can still perform a page URL assertion as seen below. The $varName form is used on the right-hand-side of Karate expressions and is slightly different from pure JsonPath expressions which always begin with $. Note that more builder methods are available from the Runner.Builder class such as reportDir() etc. Note that if you need to do a lot of case-insensitive string checks, karate.lowerCase() is what you are looking for. API tests are written in BDD (Behaviour Driven Development) Using Gherkin syntax. You can then skip the next few sections, as the pom.xml, recommended directory structure, sample test and JUnit 5 runners - will be created for you. And param page = 2. def keyword is coming from Karate framework. Karate UI automation, is it possible to make locators dynamic. Karate is quite flexible, and provides multiple options for you to evolve patterns that fit your environment, as you can see here: xml.feature. Note that url and request are not allowed as variable names. Note that the special, built-in tag @ignore will always be skipped by default, and you dont need to specify ~@ignore anywhere. can be specified like this: A special variable called Key will be available and you can see all the possible key codes here. There should always be karate-config.js in the root folder, even if you dont have any common config. Bloating your configuration can lead to loss of performance, and maintainability may suffer. If you use the above config, logs will be captured in target/karate.log. Most servers expect the domain to be set correctly like this: Note that you can do the above as a one-liner like this: * cookie({ name: 'hello', value: 'world' }), just keep in mind here that then it would follow the rules of Enclosed JavaScript (not Embedded Expressions). Example: Get the HTML form-element value. There are 2 variants, one that takes an integer as the param, in which case the frame is selected based on the order of appearance in the page: Or you use a locator that points to the